- 12v Bataraidh Lithium
- 24v Bataraidh Lithium
- 36v Bataraidh Lithium
- 48v Bataraidh Lithium
Pasgan Bataraidh Custom
- Bataraidh Lithium Polymer lùbte
- Bataraidh Polymer cosgais luath
- Bataraidh Lithium Polymer sùbailte
- Bataraidh Polymer ultra-tana
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By hoppt
Sùil air ais air an Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd 1901-2018
Ann an 1901, Jacobs Henriks Vantov (An Òlaind): "Lorg a-mach laghan cinneasachd ceimigeach agus cuideam osmotic an fhuasglaidh."
1902, Hermann Fischer (A 'Ghearmailt): "Obraich ann an synthesis de shiùcair agus purines."
Ann an 1903, Sfant Lùnastal Arrhenius (An t-Suain): "Air a mholadh an teòiridh ionization."
Ann an 1904, Sir Uilleam Ramsey (RA): "Lorg eileamaidean gas uasal san adhar agus cho-dhùin iad an suidheachadh anns a 'chlàr ràitheil de eileamaidean."
Ann an 1905, chuir Adolf von Bayer (A 'Ghearmailt): "Tha an rannsachadh air dathan organach agus companaidhean cùbhraidh hydrogenated air adhartachadh leasachadh ceimigeachd organach agus an gnìomhachas ceimigeach."
Ann an 1906, Henry Moissan (An Fhraing): "Rannsaich agus dhealaich an eileamaid fluorine, agus chleachd e an fhùirneis dealain a chaidh ainmeachadh às a dhèidh."
1907, Edward Buchner (A 'Ghearmailt): "Obair ann an Rannsachadh Bith-cheimiceach agus Lorg Coipeadh gun Chealla."
Ann an 1908, Ernest Rutherford (RA): "Rannsachadh air cruth-atharrachadh eileamaidean agus radiochemistry."
1909, Wilhelm Ostwald (A 'Ghearmailt): "Obair rannsachaidh air catalysis agus prionnsapalan bunaiteach co-chothromachd ceimigeach agus ìre ath-bhualadh ceimigeach."
Ann an 1910, Otto Wallach (A 'Ghearmailt): "Tha obair adhartach ann an raon stuthan alicyclic a' brosnachadh leasachadh ceimigeachd organach agus an gnìomhachas ceimigeach."
Ann an 1911, Marie Curie (A 'Phòlainn): "lorg na h-eileamaidean de radium agus polonium, purraichte radium agus rinn e sgrùdadh air feartan an eileamaid iongantach seo agus a choimeasgaidhean."
Ann an 1912, Victor Grignard (An Fhraing): "Invented the Grignard reagent";
Paul Sabatier (An Fhraing): "Dh'innlich an dòigh hydrogenation de choimeasgaidhean organach an làthair pùdar meatailt mìn."
Ann an 1913, Alfred Werner (An Eilbheis): "Sgrùdadh air ceanglaichean atamach ann moileciuilean, gu h-àraidh ann an achadh inorganic ceimigeachd."
Ann an 1914, Theodore William Richards (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Co-dhùnadh ceart air cuideam atamach àireamh mhòr de eileamaidean ceimigeach."
Ann an 1915, Richard Wilstedt (A 'Ghearmailt): "Sgrùdadh lusan lusan, gu h-àraidh a' sgrùdadh chlorophyll."
Ann an 1916, cha deach duaisean sam bith a thoirt seachad.
Ann an 1917, cha deach duaisean sam bith a thoirt seachad.
Ann an 1918, Fritz Haber Gearmailt "rannsachadh air an synthesis de ammonia bho stuthan sìmplidh."
Ann an 1919, cha deach duaisean sam bith a thoirt seachad.
1920, Walter Nernst (A 'Ghearmailt): "Sgrùdadh thermochemistry."
Ann an 1921, thuirt Frederick Soddy (RA): "Cur ri tuigse dhaoine air feartan ceimigeach stuthan rèidio-beò, agus sgrùdadh air tùs agus feartan isotopan."
Ann an 1922, Francis Aston (RA): "Chaidh àireamh mhòr de isotopan de eileamaidean neo-rèidio-ghnìomhach a lorg a 'cleachdadh mòr-speactrometer, agus chaidh lagh nan àireamhan a shoilleireachadh."
Ann an 1923, Fritz Pregel (An Ostair): "Cruthaich an dòigh microanalysis de choimeasgaidhean organach."
Ann an 1924, cha deach duaisean sam bith a thoirt seachad.
Ann an 1925, Richard Adolf Sigmund (A 'Ghearmailt): "Shoilleirich nàdar ioma-ghnèitheach fuasglaidhean colloidal agus chruthaich e dòighean anailis co-cheangailte."
Ann an 1926, Teodor Svedberg (An t-Suain): "Sgrùdadh air siostaman dì-mheadhanaichte."
Ann an 1927, Heinrich Otto Wieland (A 'Ghearmailt): "Rannsachadh air structar bile acids agus stuthan co-cheangailte."
1928, Adolf Wendaus (A 'Ghearmailt): "Sgrùdadh air structar steroids agus an dàimh le vitamain."
Ann an 1929, Arthur Harden (RA), Hans von Euler-Cherpin (A 'Ghearmailt): "Sgrùdaidhean air coipeadh shiùcair agus enzymes fermentation."
1930, Hans Fischer (A 'Ghearmailt): "Sgrùdadh co-dhèanamh heme agus chlorophyll, gu h-àraidh sgrùdadh air synthesis heme."
Ann an 1931, Karl Bosch (A 'Ghearmailt), Friedrich Bergius (A' Ghearmailt): "A 'cruthachadh agus a' leasachadh teicneòlas ceimigeach àrd-chuideam."
Ann an 1932, Irving Lanmere (USA): "Rannsachadh agus Lorg Surface Ceimigeachd."
Ann an 1933, cha deach duaisean sam bith a thoirt seachad.
Ann an 1934, Harold Clayton Yuri (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "lorg haidridean trom."
Ann an 1935, Frederic Yorio-Curie (An Fhraing), Irene Yorio-Curie (An Fhraing): "Synthesized eileamaidean ùra rèidio-beò."
1936, Peter Debye (An Òlaind): "Tuigsinn structar moileciuil tro bhith a’ sgrùdadh amannan dipole agus eadar-dhealachadh ghathan-X agus dealanan ann an gasaichean."
1937, Walter Haworth (RA): "Rannsachadh air gualaisg agus bhiotamain C";
Paul Keller (An Eilbheis): "Rannsachadh air carotenoids, flavin, vitimín A agus vitimín B2".
1938, Richard Kuhn (A 'Ghearmailt): "Rannsachadh air carotenoids agus vitamain."
Ann an 1939, Adolf Butnant (A 'Ghearmailt): "Rannsachadh air gnè hormon";
Lavoslav Ruzicka (An Eilbheis): "Rannsachadh air polymethylene agus terpenes nas àirde."
Ann an 1940, cha deach duaisean sam bith a thoirt seachad.
Ann an 1941, cha deach duaisean sam bith a thoirt seachad.
Ann an 1942, cha deach duaisean sam bith a thoirt seachad.
Ann an 1943, Seòras Dehevesi (An Ungair): "Isotopes air an cleachdadh mar lorgairean ann an sgrùdadh pròiseasan ceimigeach."
Ann an 1944, Otto Hahn (A 'Ghearmailt): "Faigh a-mach an dòrtadh de niuclasach trom."
Ann an 1945, Alturi Ilmari Vertanen (An Fhionnlainn): "Rannsachadh agus innleachdas àiteachas agus beathachaidh ceimigeachd, gu h-àraidh an dòigh stòradh biadhadh."
Ann an 1946, Seumas B. Sumner (USA): "Chaidh a lorg gum faodar enzymes a chriostalachadh";
John Howard Northrop (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Wendell Meredith Stanley (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): “Dh’ ullaich einnseanan fìor-ghlan agus pròtanan viral. ”
Ann an 1947, Sir Raibeart Robinson (RA): "Rannsachadh air stuthan lusan le cudromachd bith-eòlais cudromach, gu h-àraidh alkaloids."
Ann an 1948, Arne Tisselius (An t-Suain): "Rannsachadh air electrophoresis agus adsorption mion-sgrùdadh, gu h-àraidh air an iom-fhillte nàdar de serum pròtainean."
Ann an 1949, Uilleam Geok (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Tabhartas ann an raon ceimigeach thermodynamics, gu h-àraidh a 'sgrùdadh stuthan fo ultra-ìosal teòthachd."
Ann an 1950, Otto Diels (A 'Ghearmailt an Iar), Kurt Alder (A' Ghearmailt an Iar): "lorg agus leasaich an dòigh diene synthesis."
Ann an 1951, Edwin Macmillan (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Glenn Theodore Seaborg (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "lorg eileamaidean transuranic."
Ann an 1952, Archer John Porter Màrtainn (RA), Seinneadair Richard Lawrence Millington (RA): "Innleachadh cromatagrafaidheachd sgaradh."
1953, Hermann Staudinger (A 'Ghearmailt an Iar): "Toraidhean rannsachaidh ann an raon ceimigeachd polymer."
1954, Linus Pauling (USA): "Sgrùdadh air feartan bannan ceimigeach agus a chleachdadh ann a bhith a 'leasachadh structar stuthan iom-fhillte."
Ann an 1955, Vincent Divinho (USA): “Rannsachadh air todhar anns a bheil pronnasg de chudromachd bith-cheimiceach, gu sònraichte synthesis hormonaichean peptide airson a’ chiad uair. ”
Ann an 1956, Cyril Hinshelwood (RA) agus Nikolai Semenov (Aonadh Sòbhieteach): "Rannsachadh air an dòigh ceimigeach ath-bhualaidhean."
1957, Alexander R. Todd (RA): "Ag obair ann an sgrùdadh nucleotides agus nucleotide coenzymes."
1958, Frederick Sanger (RA): "Sgrùdadh structar pròtain agus sgrìobhadh, gu sònraichte sgrùdadh air insulin."
Ann an 1959, Jaroslav Herovsky (Poblachd na Seice): "lorg agus a leasachadh polarographic mion-sgrùdadh modh."
Ann an 1960, Willard Libby (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): “Leasaich sinn dòigh airson suirghe a’ cleachdadh isotope carbon 14, a tha air a chleachdadh gu farsaing ann an arc-eòlas, geòlas, geo-fhiosaig agus cuspairean eile. ”
1961, Melvin Calvin (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Rannsachadh air a bhith a 'gabhail a-steach carbon dà-ogsaid le lusan."
Ann an 1962, rinn Max Perutz UK agus John Kendrew UK “rannsachadh air structar pròtainean spherical.”
1963, Carl Ziegler (A 'Ghearmailt an Iar), Gurio Natta (An Eadailt): "Toraidhean rannsachaidh ann an raon ceimigeachd polymer agus teicneòlas."
Ann an 1964, Dorothy Crawford Hodgkin (RA): "A 'cleachdadh teicneòlas X-ray gus structar cuid de stuthan bith-cheimiceach cudromach a sgrùdadh."
Ann an 1965, Robert Burns Woodward (USA): "Coileanadh Sònraichte ann an Organic Synthesis."
1966, Robert Mulliken (USA): "Rannsachadh bunaiteach air bannan ceimigeach agus structar eileagtronaigeach moileciuilean a 'cleachdadh an dòigh molecular orbital."
Ann an 1967, Manfred Eigen (A 'Ghearmailt an Iar), Ronald George Rayford Norris (RA), Seòras Porter (RA): "A' cleachdadh cuisle lùth goirid gus an ath-bhualadh a chothromachadh An dòigh dragh, sgrùdadh ath-bheachdan ceimigeach àrd-luath."
Ann an 1968, Lars Onsager (USA): "lorg an dàimh eadar-dhealaichte a chaidh ainmeachadh às a dhèidh, a 'suidheachadh bunait airson thermodynamics pròiseasan nach gabh a thoirt air ais."
Ann an 1969, Derek Barton (RA), Odd Hassel (Nirribhidh): "Leasaich bun-bheachd co-chòrdalachd agus mar a tha e air a chleachdadh ann an ceimigeachd."
Ann an 1970, Luiz Federico Leloire (Argentina): "lorg nucleotides siùcair agus an àite aca ann an biosynthesis de charbohydrates."
1971, Gerhard Herzberg (Canada): "Rannsachadh air structar dealanach agus geoimeatraidh moileciuilean, gu h-àraidh radicals an-asgaidh."
1972, Christian B. Anfinson (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Rannsachadh air ribonuclease, gu h-àraidh sgrùdadh air a 'cheangal eadar an t-sreath aminoidid aige agus an co-chòrdadh gnìomhach bith-eòlach";
Stanford Moore (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Uilleam Howard Stein (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Sgrùdadh air a 'cheangal eadar gnìomhachd catalaíoch ionad gnìomhach a' mholacail ribonuclease agus an structar ceimigeach aige."
Ann an 1973, Ernst Otto Fischer (A 'Ghearmailt an Iar) agus Jeffrey Wilkinson (RA): "Rannsachadh adhartach air feartan ceimigeach companaidhean meatailt-organach, ris an canar cuideachd todhar ceapaire."
1974, Paul Flory (USA): "Rannsachadh bunaiteach air teòiridh agus deuchainn ceimigeachd corporra polymer."
1975, John Conforth (RA): "Sgrùdadh air stereochemistry de ath-bheachdan enzyme-catalyzed."
Vladimir Prelog (An Eilbheis): "Sgrùdadh air stereochemistry de mholacilean organach agus ath-bheachdan";
1976, Uilleam Lipscomb (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Mhìnich sgrùdadh structar borane an duilgheadas a thaobh ceangal ceimigeach."
Ann an 1977, Ilya Prigogine (a 'Bheilg): "A' cur ri neo-chothromach thermodynamics, gu h-àraidh an teòiridh dissipative structar."
Ann an 1978, Peter Mitchell (RA): "A 'cleachdadh an fhoirmle teòiridheach de permeation ceimigeach gus cur ri tuigse air gluasad lùth bith-eòlasach."
Ann an 1979, Herbert Brown (USA) agus Georg Wittig (A 'Ghearmailt an Iar): "Leasaich todhar anns a bheil boron agus fosfair mar ath-bheachdan cudromach ann an synthesis organach, fa leth."
Ann an 1980, Paul Berg (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Sgrùdadh bith-cheimigeachd de nucleic acids, gu h-àraidh a 'sgrùdadh DNA recombinant";
Walter Gilbert (US), Frederick Sanger (RA): "Dòighean airson a bhith a’ dearbhadh sreathan bunait DNA ann an searbhagan niuclasach."
Ann an 1981, Kenichi Fukui (Iapan) agus Rod Hoffman (USA): "Mìnich mar a thachair ath-bheachdan ceimigeach tro leasachadh neo-eisimeileach air teòiridhean."
Ann an 1982, Aaron Kluger (RA): "Leasaich miocroscop electron criostail agus rinn e sgrùdadh air structar iom-fhilltean pròtain searbhag niuclasach le brìgh bith-eòlasach cudromach."
Ann an 1983, Henry Taub (USA): "Rannsachadh air an dòigh eileagtronaigeach ath-bhualaidhean gu h-àraidh ann an meatailt iom-fhillte."
Ann an 1984, Robert Bruce Merrifield (USA): "Leasaich dòigh solid-ìre ceimigeach synthesis."
Ann an 1985, Herbert Hauptman (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Jerome Carr (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Euchdan air leth ann an leasachadh dhòighean dìreach airson structar criostail a dhearbhadh."
Ann an 1986, Dudley Hirschbach (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Li Yuanzhe (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Iain Teàrlach Polanyi (Canada): "Cuibhreannan ri sgrùdadh a 'phròiseas cinneachail ath-bheachdan ceimigeach bunaiteach."
Ann an 1987, Dòmhnall Kramm (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Jean-Marie Lane (An Fhraing), Charles Pedersen (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): “Leasaich agus chleachd mi moileciuilean a tha comasach air eadar-obrachaidhean structar-sònraichte a tha air leth roghnach.”
Ann an 1988, Iain Dysenhofer (A 'Ghearmailt an Iar), Raibeart Huber (A' Ghearmailt an Iar), Hartmut Michel (A 'Ghearmailt an Iar): "Co-dhùnadh structar trì-thaobhach an ionaid ath-bhualadh photosynthetic."
Ann an 1989, lorg Sydney Altman (Canada), Thomas Cech (USA): “feartan catalytach RNA.”
Ann an 1990, Elias James Corey (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Leasaich an teòiridh agus modh-obrach de organach synthesis."
1991, Richard Ernst (An Eilbheis): "Cur ri leasachadh modhan speactroscopaidh ath-shuidheachadh magnetach niùclasach (NMR) àrd-rùn."
Ann an 1992, Rudolph Marcus (USA): "A 'cur ri teòiridh ath-bhualaidhean gluasad dealanach ann an siostaman ceimigeach."
Ann an 1993, Kelly Mullis (USA): "Leasaich dòighean rannsachaidh ceimigeach stèidhichte air DNA agus leasaich e an ath-bhualadh slabhraidh polymerase (PCR)";
Mìcheal Mac a' Ghobhainn (Canada): "Leasaich dòighean rannsachaidh ceimigeach stèidhichte air DNA, agus chuir e ri stèidheachadh mutagenesis stèidhichte air làrach oligonucleotide agus a chuir gu bunaiteach ri leasachadh rannsachadh pròtain."
Ann an 1994, Seòras Anndra Euler (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "A 'cur ri rannsachadh ceimigeachd carbocation."
Ann an 1995, Paul Crutzen (An Òlaind), Mario Molina (US), Frank Sherwood Rowland (US): "Rannsachadh air ceimigeachd àile, gu h-àraidh rannsachadh air cruthachadh agus lobhadh ozone."
1996 Robert Cole (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Harold Kroto (An Rìoghachd Aonaichte), Richard Smalley (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Faigh a-mach fullerene."
Ann an 1997, Paul Boyer (USA), John Walker (RA), Jens Christian Sko (An Danmhairg): “Shoilleirich an inneal catalytach enzymatic ann an synthesis adenosine triphosphate (ATP)."
Ann an 1998, Walter Cohen (USA): "stèidhich dùmhlachd gnìomhachd teòiridh";
Iain Pope (RA): Leasaich dòighean coimpiutaireachd ann an ceimigeachd cuantamach.
Ann an 1999, Yamid Ziwell (An Èiphit): "Sgrùdadh air na stàitean gluasaid de ath-bheachdan ceimigeach a 'cleachdadh speactroscopaidh femtosecond."
Ann an 2000, Alan Haig (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), McDelmead (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Hideki Shirakawa (Iapan): "lorg agus leasachadh conductive polymers."
Ann an 2001, Uilleam Standish Knowles (US) agus Noyori Ryoji (Iapan): "Rannsachadh air Chiral Catalytic Hydrogenation";
Barry Sharpless (USA): "Sgrùdadh air Chiral Catalytic Oxidation."
Ann an 2002, John Bennett Finn (USA) agus Koichi Tanaka (Iapan): "Leasachadh dòighean airson comharrachadh agus structarail mion-sgrùdadh air bith-eòlasach macromolecules, agus a stèidheachadh bog desorption ionization modh airson mòr-spectrometry mion-sgrùdadh air bith-eòlasach macromolecules";
Kurt Wittrich (An Eilbheis): “Leasaich dòighean airson comharrachadh agus sgrùdadh structarail air macromolecules bith-eòlasach, agus stèidhich e dòigh airson mion-sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air structar trì-thaobhach macromolecules bith-eòlasach ann am fuasgladh le bhith a’ cleachdadh speactroscopaidh ath-shuidheachadh magnetach niùclasach. ”
Ann an 2003, Peter Agre (USA): "lorg sgrùdadh air sianalan ion ann an memblan cealla seanalan uisge";
Roderick McKinnon (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Sgrùdadh air seanailean ion ann am memblan cealla, sgrùdadh structar agus uidheamachd sianal ion."
Ann an 2004, Aaron Chehanovo (Israel), Avram Hershko (Israel), Owen Ross (US): "lorg ubiquitin-meadhanaichte truailleadh pròtain."
Ann an 2005, Yves Chauvin (An Fhraing), Robert Grubb (US), Richard Schrock (US): "Leasaich modh metathesis ann an synthesis organach."
Ann an 2006, Roger Kornberg (USA): "Rannsachadh air bunait molecular de eukaryotic tar-sgrìobhadh."
2007, Gerhard Eter (A 'Ghearmailt): "Rannsachadh air pròiseas ceimigeach uachdar cruaidh."
Ann an 2008, Shimomura Osamu (Iapan), Martin Chalfie (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Qian Yongjian (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Lorg agus atharraichte uaine fluorescent pròtain (GFP)."
Ann an 2009, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (RA), Thomas Steitz (USA), Ada Jonat (Israel): "Rannsachadh air structar agus gnìomh ribosomes."
2010 Richard Heck (USA), Negishi (Iapan), Suzuki Akira (Iapan): “Rannsachadh air ath-bhualadh ceangail Palladium-catalyzed ann an Synthesis Organach.”
Ann an 2011, Daniel Shechtman (Israel): "A 'lorg quasicrystals."
Ann an 2012, Robert Lefkowitz, Bryan Kebirka (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): "Rannsachadh air pròtain-G gabhadan ceangailte."
Ann an 2013, Martin Capras (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Michael Levitt (An Rìoghachd Aonaichte), Yale Vachel: Dealbhaich modalan ioma-sgèile airson siostaman ceimigeach iom-fhillte.
Ann an 2014, Eric Bezig (Na Stàitean Aonaichte), Stefan W. Hull (A 'Ghearmailt), Uilleam Esko Molnar (Na Stàitean Aonaichte): Euchdan ann an achadh super-rùn fluorescence microscopy Coileanadh.
Ann an 2015, Thomas Lindahl (An t-Suain), Paul Modric (USA), Aziz Sanjar (An Tuirc): Rannsachadh air uidheamachd ceallach càradh DNA.
Ann an 2016, Jean-Pierre Sova (An Fhraing), Seumas Friseal Stiùbhart (RA/US), Bernard Felinga (An Òlaind): Dealbhadh agus synthesis innealan moileciuil.
Ann an 2017, Jacques Dubochet (An Eilbheis), Achim Frank (A’ Ghearmailt), Richard Henderson (RA): leasaich iad microscopes cryo-electron airson structar àrd-rèiteachaidh a dhearbhadh biomolecules ann am fuasgladh.
Chaidh leth de na duaisean 2018 a thoirt don neach-saidheans Ameireaganach Frances H. Arnold (Frances H. Arnold) mar chomharra air mar a thug i gu buil mean-fhàs stiùirichte enzymes; chaidh an leth eile a bhuileachadh air luchd-saidheans Ameireaganach (George P. Smith) agus neach-saidheans Breatannach Gregory P. Winter (Gregory P. Winter) mar aithneachadh Thuig iad an teicneòlas taisbeanaidh phage de peptides agus antibodies.
freagairt taobh a-staigh 6 uairean, tha fàilte air ceistean sam bith!